Figures and Tables | Covid-19 Lessons Learned

Covid by the Numbers Report

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Figures | Tūtohi

Figure 1 Death tolls from two millennia of pandemics
Figure 2 The reproduction number (R₀) of communicable diseases
Figure 3 Impact of increases in the reproduction number on growth in cases
Figure 4 COVID-19 infection stages
Figure 5 Travel in China over the 2019 and 2020 Chinese New Year
Figure 6 Total confirmed COVID-19 cases to 28 July 2020
Figure 7 Cumulative COVID-19 cases, 2020
Figure 8 COVID-19 hospital occupancy, 2020
Figure 9 COVID-19 in New Zealand in 2020 and 2021
Figure 10 Cumulative COVID-19 cases, 2020–2021
Figure 11 Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 variants in New Zealand
Figure 12 Share of Delta variant in SARS-CoV-2 sequences
Figure 13 Share of Omicron variant in SARS-CoV-2 sequences
Figure 14 Cumulative COVID-19 cases, 2020–2022
Figure 15 Comparison of wastewater sampling for COVID-19 with reported cases in New Zealand
Figure 16 Hospital admissions for COVID-19
Figure 17 Hospital and intensive care unit admissions for COVID-19 in New Zealand
Figure 18 COVID-19 patients in intensive care units
Figure 19 Weekly COVID-19 deaths in New Zealand, 2020–2023
Figure 20 Cumulative COVID-19 deaths in New Zealand, 2020–2023
Figure 21 Deaths from all causes in New Zealand
Figure 22 Excess mortality by country, 2020–2022
Figure 23 Excess mortality by country, 2020–2023
Figure 24 Modelled excess mortality in New Zealand, 2020–2023
Figure 25 Cumulative reported COVID-19 cases in New Zealand by sex
Figure 26 Cumulative COVID-19 hospital admissions in New Zealand by sex
Figure 27 Cumulative COVID-19 deaths in New Zealand by sex
Figure 28 Total reported COVID-19 cases in New Zealand by age and sex, 2020–2024
Figure 29 Reported COVID-19 cases in New Zealand by age and sex, 2020–2024
Figure 30 Share of reported COVID-19 cases in New Zealand by age group, 2020–2025
Figure 31 Hospitalisations for COVID-19 in New Zealand, by age group, 2022–2025
Figure 32 Deaths attributable to COVID-19 in New Zealand by age group, 2022–2025
Figure 33 Cumulative reported cases of COVID-19 by ethnicity in New Zealand
Figure 34 Cumulative hospital admissions for COVID-19 by ethnicity in New Zealand
Figure 35 Cumulative death rates from COVID-19 by ethnicity in New Zealand
Figure 36 Cumulative reported cases of COVID-19 by Index of Deprivation in New Zealand
Figure 37 Cumulative hospital admissions for COVID-19 by Index of Deprivation in New Zealand
Figure 38 Cumulative deaths from COVID-19 by Index of Deprivation in New Zealand
Figure 39 Reported COVID-19 cases by health district in New Zealand
Figure 40 Per-capita health expenditure across the OECD
Figure 41 Health expenditure as a percentage of GDP across the OECD
Figure 42 Physicians per capita across the OECD
Figure 43 Nurses per capita across the OECD
Figure 44 Hospital bed capacity across the OECD
Figure 45 Intensive care unit capacity across the OECD
Figure 46 COVID-19 policies: Composite Stringency Index, average 2020–2023
Figure 47 COVID-19 Composite Stringency Index, by vaccination status, 2020–2022
Figure 48 Proportion of countries using different types of restrictions, 2020–2022
Figure 49 Vaccination innovation, 1880–2020
Figure 50 Deaths from influenza and pneumonia in New Zealand, 1948–2022
Figure 51 Hospitalisations for severe acute respiratory infections
Figure 52 Cumulative first vaccine dose, 2021–2022
Figure 53 Total COVID-19 vaccine doses administered to July 2024
Figure 54 Total jobs affected by health and education mandates in New Zealand
Figure 55 Cumulative vaccinations, health and education workers
Figure 56 Worker separations, New Zealand health sector
Figure 57 Worker separations, New Zealand education sector
Figure 58 Health sector worker employment by vaccination group in New Zealand
Figure 59 Difference in probability of employment by vaccination status, in health sector or non-health sector job
Figure 60 Education sector worker employment by vaccination status in New Zealand
Figure 61 Difference in probability of employment by vaccination status, in education sector or non-education sector job
Figure 62 Real GDP per capita, 2005–2024
Figure 63 Retail trade volumes in New Zealand, Q1 2003 to Q2 2025
Figure 64 The COVID-19 pandemic economic shock compared with 75 years of New Zealand recessions
Figure 65 Real investment patterns in New Zealand, Q1 1990 to Q1 2025
Figure 66 New Zealand inflation, 1900–2024
Figure 67 Inflation, selected OECD countries, Q1 2000 to Q2 2025
Figure 68 House prices, selected OECD countries, Q1 2010 to Q2 2025
Figure 69 House prices and housing investment in New Zealand, Q1 1990 to Q1 2025
Figure 70 Selected components of CPI inflation in New Zealand, Q2 2000 to Q2 2025
Figure 71 Tradable and non-tradable components of CPI inflation in New Zealand, Q1 2015 to Q2 2025
Figure 72 Household savings in New Zealand, 1987–2024
Figure 73 Components of total savings in New Zealand, 1999–2024
Figure 74 Net core Crown debt as a proportion of GDP in New Zealand, 1972–2042
Figure 75 Government net debt as proportion of GDP, 1990–2030
Figure 76 Performance of New Zealand businesses
Figure 77 Changes in sales by industry in New Zealand, in 2019, 2021 and 2023
Figure 78 Businesses fully operating at different COVID-19 alert levels in New Zealand, 2020
Figure 79 Supply disruptions to New Zealand businesses, 2020
Figure 80 Product-range and market responses by New Zealand businesses to COVID-19 restrictions, 2020
Figure 81 Financial responses by New Zealand businesses to COVID-19 restrictions, 2020
Figure 82 Employment responses by New Zealand businesses to COVID-19 restrictions, 2020
Figure 83 Process responses by New Zealand businesses to COVID-19 restrictions, 2020
Figure 84 Comparison of sales by Auckland and Christchurch firms
Figure 85 Modelled difference in sales for similar Auckland and Christchurch firms
Figure 86 New Zealand firms, entries and exits
Figure 87 Company liquidations, voluntary administration and receiverships in New Zealand
Figure 88 Long-run growth in jobs in New Zealand
Figure 89 Economic shocks and change in employment in New Zealand
Figure 90 Employment rates across the OECD
Figure 91 Hours worked and employment in New Zealand
Figure 92 Change in employment by age group in New Zealand
Figure 93 Occupational makeup of the New Zealand workforce
Figure 94 Employment by industry in New Zealand
Figure 95 Difficulty recruiting in New Zealand, 2018–2022
Figure 96 Immigration to New Zealand
Figure 97 Migrant arrivals by citizenship or visa type into New Zealand, 2019–2022
Figure 98 Economic shocks and unemployment
Figure 99 Online job vacancies in New Zealand
Figure 100 Online job vacancies for skilled and unskilled workers
Figure 101 Unemployment rates across the OECD
Figure 102 Working age people receiving main benefits
Figure 103 Total COVID-19 funding allocation by Vote, New Zealand
Figure 104 Fiscal response to COVID-19 pandemic, direct vs. indirect support
Figure 105 Financial assistance to workers across the OECD, 2019–2021
Figure 106 Jobs supported by wage subsidies in New Zealand, by industry
Figure 107 Jobs supported by wage subsidies in New Zealand, by region
Figure 108 Small Business Cashflow Scheme loans by region
Figure 109 Small Business Cashflow Scheme loans by industry
Figure 110 Resurgence Support Payment by region
Figure 111 Resurgence Support Payment by industry
Figure 112 COVID-19 Support Payments by region
Figure 113 COVID-19 Support Payments by industry
Figure 114 Duration of school closures
Figure 115 Regular student attendance in New Zealand, term 1 2019 to term 2 2025
Figure 116 Justified and unjustified student absences in New Zealand, term 1 2019 to term 2 2025
Figure 117 International fee-paying students in New Zealand
Figure 118 Tertiary education destinations of New Zealand school leavers
Figure 119 Programme for International Student Assessment, proficiency in mathematics
Figure 120 Programme for International Student Assessment, proficiency in reading and science
Figure 121 Programme for International Student Assessment, estimated learning loss in mathematics, by length of school closure
Figure 122 Yearly progress in reading, writing and mathematics, Years 5–10 in New Zealand
Figure 123 Mathematics learning, Years 4–10 in New Zealand, Auckland and non-Auckland
Figure 124 Reading comprehension learning, Years 4–10 in New Zealand, Auckland and non-Auckland
Figure 125 Learning by socioeconomic group, Auckland and non-Auckland
Figure 126 Learning by ethnicity, Auckland and non-Auckland
Figure 127 Changes in breast screening coverage in New Zealand by health district
Figure 128 Changes in breast screening coverage in New Zealand by ethnicity, March 2020 to September 2025
Figure 129 Changes in cervical screening coverage in New Zealand by health district
Figure 130 Changes in cervical screening coverage in New Zealand by ethnicity, March 2020 to July 2025
Figure 131 Immunisation coverage of infants at milestone ages in New Zealand
Figure 132 Immunisation coverage at six months of age in New Zealand, by ethnicity
Figure 133 New Zealanders’ subjective wellbeing
Figure 134 New Zealanders’ financial pressure
Figure 135 New Zealanders’ health status
Figure 136 New Zealanders ’ experienced of loneliness during pandemic
Figure 137 Life evaluation scores across the OECD
Figure 138 Antidepressant use in New Zealand, 2020–2024
Figure 139 Clients of mental health and addiction specialist services in New Zealand
Figure 140 Selected mental health support activities provided in New Zealand by activity setting
Figure 141 New Zealanders’ trust in public institutions

Tables | Ripanga

Table 1 Major pandemics in history
Table 2 COVID-19 death rates in New Zealand by age group
Table 3 COVID-19 death rates in New Zealand by age group and ethnicity
Table 4 Vaccination groups, health and education workers
Table 5 Initial uptake of Wage Subsidy Scheme by industry classification
Table 6 New Zealand Government expenditure by COVID-19 specific appropriations
Table 7 Analysis populations, mathematics
Table 8 Analysis populations, reading comprehension