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Covid-19 Lessons Learned Covid-19 Lessons Learned

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  • Home
  • About Us
    • What is a Royal Commission?
    • Meet the Commissioners
    • Inquiry timeline
  • The Inquiry
    • How We Will Work
    • The Inquiry's terms of reference
    • Cabinet Papers
    • Quarterly Reports
    • Record of Inquiry engagements
    • Questions and Answers
    • Procedural Minutes
  • Royal Commission of Inquiry into COVID-19 Lessons Learned
    • Main Report
      • Part One: Preliminaries
        • Acknowledgements
        • 01 Commissioners’ foreword
        • 02 Summary – our lessons and recommendations
        • 03 About the Inquiry
        • 04 About the report
        • 05 Pre-pandemic Aotearoa New Zealand: an overview
        • 06 Preliminaries Endnotes
      • Part Two: Looking back
        • Introduction
        • 1.0 A snapshot of Aotearoa New Zealand's pandemic experience
        • 1.1 Timeline of key events
        • 1.2 Aotearoa New Zealand's COVID-19 experience
        • 1.3 Some key international comparisons
        • 1.4 Aotearoa New Zealand's pandemic experience - Endnotes
        • 2.1 All-of-government preparations and response
        • 2.2 Context: the state of Aotearoa New Zealand’s pandemic preparedness and emergency management arrangements before COVID-19
        • 2.3 What happened: governance and decision making structures
        • 2.4 What happened: pandemic strategy and tools
        • 2.5 What happened: public information and communication
        • 2.6 Our assessment
        • 2.7 What we learned looking back
        • 2.8 Endnotes
        • 3.1 Lockdowns
        • 3.2 What happened
        • 3.3 Our assessment
        • 3.4 What we learned looking back
        • 3.5 Endnotes
        • 4.1 Keeping the country closed: border restrictions and quarantine
        • 4.2 What happened
        • 4.3 Our assessment
        • 4.4 What we learned looking back
        • 4.5 Endnotes
        • 5.1 The health system response
        • 5.2 Health system preparedness
        • 5.3 What happened: activating public health and infection control measures in response to COVID-19
        • 5.4 What happened: preparing the wider health system to cope with COVID-19 cases
        • 5.5 What happened: provision of non-COVID-19-related healthcare during the pandemic
        • 5.6 Our assessment of the outcomes and impacts
        • 5.7 What we learned looking back
        • 5.8 Endnotes
        • 6.1 Economic and social impacts and responses
        • 6.2 What happened: economic impact and responses
        • 6.3 Our assessment: economic impacts and responses
        • 6.4 What happened: social sector impacts and responses
        • 6.5 What happened: social impacts and responses
        • 6.6 The social and economic 'long tail'
        • 6.7 What we learned looking back
        • 6.8 Endnotes
        • 7.1 Vaccination
        • 7.2 What happened
        • 7.3 Our assessment
        • 7.4 What we learned looking back
        • 7.5 Endnotes
        • 8.1 Mandatory measures
        • 8.2 What happened: testing, contact tracing, and masking requirements
        • 8.3 Our assessment: testing, contact tracing and mask requirements
        • 8.4 What happened: Vaccination requirements
        • 8.5 Our assessment: Vaccination requirements
        • 8.6 Controversy over compulsory measures
        • 8.7 What we learned looking back
        • 8.8 Lessons - Endnotes
        • 9.1 Taking stock
        • 9.2 The story of the response
        • 9.3 Moving on
      • Part Three: Moving Forward
        • 10.1 Lessons for the future
        • 10.2 The context for our lessons for the future
        • 10.3 Lessons for the future
        • 10.4 Endnotes
        • 11.1 Recommendations
        • 11.2 Introduction
        • 11.3 In brief: what the recommendations say
        • 11.4 Complete table of recommendations
      • Appendices
        • A: An overview of legislation, emergency plans, systems and structures supporting the COVID-19 response
        • A.1 Legislation
        • A.2 Emergency plans
        • A.3 All-of-government systems and structures
        • A.4 Human rights frameworks
        • A.5 Endnotes
        • B: An epidemiological overview of COVID-19 in Aotearoa New Zealand
        • B.1 Introduction
        • B.2 Data and methods
        • B.3 Cases, hospitalisations and deaths across 2020 to 2022
        • B.4 Stringency of public health and social measures
        • B.5 Vaccination rates
        • B.6 Additional COVID-19 deaths and YLLs had New Zealand not pursued an elimination strategy, or not vaccinated
        • B.7 Close ups of 2020 and 2021: cases and hospitalisations, alert levels and key policy events
        • B.8 Case, hospitalisation and death rates by socio-demographic groups
        • B.9 Endnotes
        • C: Pandemic scenarios
        • C.1 Purpose and audience
        • C.2 Generic or ‘Agent X’ pandemic scenarios
        • C.3 Examples of future pandemic scenarios
        • C.4 Endnotes
        • D: Vaccine coverage and population immunity – key considerations for lifting pandemic measures
        • D.1 Purpose
        • D.2 What do we mean by population immunity? And why does it matter?
        • D.3 Data inputs to estimate population immunity
        • D.4 In summary
        • D.5 Implications for the next pandemic
        • D.6 Supplementary information
        • D.7 Endnotes
        • Glossary
    • Summary Report
      • Commissioner Foreword
      • Part One: Introduction
        • 1 - Why this inquiry was held
        • 2 - Our terms of reference
        • 3 - Our approach to this inquiry
        • 4 - About this summary report
      • Part Two: Lessons learned from Looking Back
        • 5 - A snapshot of Aotearoa New Zealand's pandemic experience
        • 6 - All-of-government preparations and response
        • 7 - Lockdowns
        • 8 - Keeping the country closed: border restrictions and quarantine
        • 9 - The health system response
        • 10 - Economic and Social impacts and responses
        • 11 - Vaccination
        • 12 - Mandatory measures
      • Part Three: Moving Forward
        • 13 - Lessons for the future
        • 14 - Recommendations
          • Group 1
          • Group 2
          • Group 3
          • Group 4
          • Group 5
          • Group 6
        • 15 - What happens next
      • Help and support
      • Endnotes
    • Experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic
      • Acknowledgement
      • Foreword
      • About the Royal Commission of Inquiry
      • About this report
      • Who we heard from
      • Our approach
      • One pandemic, many unique experiences
      • Public health response
        • Lockdowns
        • Restrictions on movement and gatherings
        • Managed Isolation and Quarantine (MIQ)
        • Access to healthcare
        • Other aspects of the public health response
        • Vaccines
        • Vaccine mandates
      • The economic response and impacts on businesses
      • Impacts on our society and communities
      • Education during the pandemic
      • The experiences of iwi and Māori
      • Aotearoa New Zealand’s overall pandemic response
      • Additional information
        • Out of scope material
        • What happens next?
        • Help and support
  • News
  • Contact Us
    • Engagement video diaries
    • Have your say

Last updated: 6 July 2023

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NZ Royal Commission COVID-19 Lessons Learned